Week 3

During the lab session :

Figure 1: The lowest voltage during inactive movement

Figure 2: Activity during the sensor sense

Figure 3: The graph show the sensor sense movement and no movement 

Figure 4: The whole circuit to test the sensor

Figure 5: The accelerometer sensor

Figure 6: LED to test the result from sensor

Figure 7: The sensor and LED

Figure 8: The programming 

During the lab session, I was test the function of the sensor. In this lab, I test the X axis to check whether it can detect movement or not. The sensor was function well and very accurate. The LED used to indicate the movement of the sensor) mean it detect movement). In X orientation, The MSB of the LED show the highest  or most activity and the LSB of LED show the lowest of activity of the sensor. 

This video show how the sensor detect X axis ( X-axis is upward and downward)

During the highest peak, the sensor is at high level and during the lowest peak ( refer the video), it show the sensor is at lower level. 

Week 2

                                            Figure 1 : Triple Axis Accelerometer MMA7260 



Finally, the accelerometer has arrived. I order the sensor at Myduino.com. The MMA 7260 is a 3.3V part and outputs an analogue voltage for each of three outputs. This voltge is in ratio to the measured acceleration and to the supply voltage.

Specification:

• Voltage:3.3-8V
• Selectable sensitivity:±1．5g／2g／4g／6g
• Low power:500μA @ measurement mode，3μA @standby ；
• High sensivity: 800 mV／g @ 1.5g；
• Low pass filter
• Size:23x26mm
• Weight: 5 gram

Week 10

BENEFIT

This project is invention from previous pedometer. Commercial pedometer now a days have some issue with accuracy. So, this project come out with benefit than other pedometer that commercially used.

a)      The pedometer is simple and easy to use. Commercial pedometer normally used, need to locate the pedometer properly to avoid from wrong reading. By using this project pedometer, the pedometer itself can be located anywhere and get the accurate reading or result.

 

b)      Other than that, the benefit of this pedometer is more accurate than other pedometer because it is using accelerometer compared to pendulum. Accelerometer detect motion in three direction X, Y, and Z.  

Lastly, the user can stored and check back the result of pedometer in computer and can analyze it time to time. This can be motivate people to achieve the target or mission. 

Week 9

Flow Chart :

Week 8

Block diagram :

e sensor use is accelerometer which pick up signal from movement of a person. The signal is filter before microcontroller process it. The signal must be filter because the noise of the movement of a person. The microcontroller process the signal and transmitted data using Zigbee wireless to Pc for storage and display. Microcontroller use is ATMega 328 with arduino platform. Using Visual basic to display the data on PC or laptop. The display output on PC is:

1.      Total steps

2.      Speed of a user

3.      Calories burned

4.      Distance travelled

   SENSOR

The input sensor that we will be using is an accelerometer. The accelerometer provides x, y, z direction voltage values based on the forces exerted on the accelerometer. The voltages acquired from the input sensor then will be passed to the filter. 

   FILTER

            A filter may be required to clean up the signal from the input sensor. The output from sensor may have noise. Because of the noise that may be associated with running, a small hardware filter may be needed. According to the information provided by the accelerometer data sheet, a simple low-pass filter will be required.

   DISPLAY

The output device will display the computed data (distance, speed and others). The output device can be come in many different forms. It can be display at LCD or can send the output elsewhere via a communication port. If an LCD screen is used, it must be small enough to fit hand. An alternative way to display the data is to send smartphone or tablet. This will allow the user easy access to information desired. For this project, it will be sufficient to use a small LCD screen.

Week 7

NOW A DAY PEDOMETER

High-tech pedometers such as Nike+ use the same accelerometer technology as Nintendo Wii controllers, iPhones and automatic airbag deployment in cars-technology that has been available since the mid-2000s. Rather than a pendulum, these devices use piezoelectric crystals, which are microscopic materials that produce an electrical impulse when they are bent or compressed. When the exerciser takes a step, the piezoelectric materials bend, creating a small electrical current, which is then picked up by sensors and counted as a step. Piezoelectric pedometers also measure the amount of time that an exerciser's foot is on the ground and use this information to calculate speed and distance covered. The problem with this device is, it cannot replace the battery. When the battery dies, the user had to buy new one because the battery is non-replaceable and non-rechargeable. The life span of the battery is 1000 hours. 

   Figure 1: Nike+ ipod pedometer                   

Week 6

PREVIOUS PEDOMETER

A pedometer is an intelligent electronic device that measures the distance travel by foot, either by walking or by running, which it does so generally by sensing a body motion. A pedometer is an easy-to-use and inexpensive device that may be clipped to the waist of clothes, worn on the wrist or put inside shoes. The British Health Foundation recommends that walk 10,000 steps a day to for long term health and reduced chronic disease risk. According to Dr James Hill, co-author of The Step Diet Book 6,000 steps is required to burn off the calories in a large portion of chips. But if a person wants to achieve successful and sustained weight loss then she/he needs to achieve a daily average of between 12,000 and 15,000 steps.

To achieve a healthy lifestyle or goals, a pedometer is needed. The development of devices aimed at counting steps has been linked to Leonardo da Vinci, Thomas Jefferson and other inventors. But it was the Japanese development of the modern pedometer in the 1960s and the worldwide running craze that emerged in the 1970s that established the pedometer as a vital fitness gadget. As technology has continued to improve, and simple pedometers became inexpensive in the early 21st century and high-tech innovators were able to create pedometers capable of not only recording steps, distance and calories burned, but of transferring that data onto your computer.

The common pedometer uses a pendulum technology which is not accurate due to limitation of pendulum or too much movement. Basic pedometers are based on simple pendulum technology that dates back to the nineteenth century. A pedometer strapped to waist detects hip movement with an internal horizontal arm (pendulum) suspended on a spring or wire. When foot hits the ground, the impact swings the pendulum, which hits a sensor on a stationary post, completing an electrical circuit. The pedometer registers a step each time the circuit is completed. How well this design works depends on several factors, including the length and weight of the pendulum, and the type of post and proximity to the pendulum. Over time, this tiny hairspring loses strength and the post begins to droop, causing this type of pedometer to become less accurate.

Figure 1: Previous pedometer using pendulum

Figure 2: Inside previous pedometer 

Week 5

INTRODUCTION OF PEDOMETER PROJECT

In a modern lifestyle nowadays, there are lot of pedometer in the market such as Omron, Nike+ipod and many more. The pedometer used to measure many parameter such as total steps, calories burn, distance travelled and speed. Pedometer used as a motivational tool for people starting a walking program because walking promotes weight loss, improves cardiovascular fitness, lowers blood pressure and blood sugar and decreases the risk of chronic disease. The British Health Foundation recommends that walk 10,000 steps a day to for long term health and reduced chronic disease risk.

            Commercial pedometer is using pendulum as a sensor to detect movement and put on the hips which cause not accurate reading. This project using accelerometer sensor which give more accurate value because it can detect 3 ways movement that is X, Y, and Z direction. 

In this project, the pedometer is wear by a person or athlete and the pedometer will detect movement and then send the data to display at computer by using Visual Basic. In Visual basic, the user can monitor the activity or performance after walking or jogging. This project is focus for all type genres and also for athlete for different purpose. The pedometer transmitted the data to the PC by using Wireless Zigbee. The wireless Zigbee is chosen because the low-power consumption and easy to communicate. Other than is because the Zigbee can communicate within 1600 meter. This is very useful for pedometer to use as wireless to transmit the data. 

Week 4

JOURNAL 1


DESIGN AND COSTRUCTION OF STEP COUNTERS FOR DISABLE

PEOPLE: PRELIMINAR EXPERIENCE AT THE ITALIAN INSTITUTE

OF HEALTH by Giovanni Maccioni IEEE Member, Velio Macellari IEEE Member and

Daniele Giansanti IEEE Member, 2007.

The aim of this paper was to set-up a case study based on subjects with Parkinson’ s disease to investigate a new methodology for the step-counting based on the calfpump expansion activity monitoring

Abstract

Step counting is an important index of motion. One of the most diffused wearable systems, designed for this purpose, is the pedometer. The accuracy of commercial pedometers has been tested in literature. Several limits have been found in many commercial systems both in healthy subjects and in disable people. Furthermore, commercial pedometers lack in interoperability. A new wearable system for the step counting has been introduced in this paper. The wearable system is based on a wearable device with a force sensing resistor and a band; it is affixed at the calf gastrocnemius level for the monitoring of the muscular expansion correlated to the gait. The proposed gastrocnemius expansion measurement unit (GEMU) was tested on a three subjects with the Parkinson’ s disease at the Level 2 of the Tinetti test of unbalance who performed five repetition of 200 steps with three different instructions (fast, slow). The mean error was lower than 0.5 %. Results also showed that GEMU performed better than an accelerometer unit (considered in literature the best solution for this disability). The study showed that GEMU had a high performance in a subject with a pathology (the Parkinson’ s disease) causing a high degree of unbalance confounding the motion style and thus pedometers. The next phase will be the optimization of GEMU for long term medical applications at patients’ home with the special care to the material and with a comparison to a golden standard.

Highlight from the journal

•   Pedometer  is an important index of motion activity and it is currently used in the prevention of the obesity, in applications for the prevention of cardiovascular problems, in diabetes care and more in general in motion rehabilitation.

•  Keenan and Wilhelm have enlightened that pedometers could be confounded by movement style, as in the case of the Parkinson’ s disease and found that for this specific pathology accelerometers (ACC)sperformed better.

 Three are the principal aspects hampering the use of commercial pedometers in telemedicine.

•  The first aspect is that, in spite of the pedometers have been widely used, there are still opened questions about the accuracy.

•  The second aspect is that the performance of the pedometers deters with the increasing of the degree of a subjects’ s inability ( such as the Parkinson’ s disease) causing a movement style confounding the pedometer.

• The third aspect is that the most part of commercial pedometers are closed systems do not permitting the integration with complex and heterogeneous systems.

General idea

•          The rationale afforded two consecutive aspects; the first consisted on the identification of the optimal position for monitoring the muscular expansion.

•          The second consisted on the design and construction of a device sensor embedded in a band to monitor the pressure variation during the calf muscular expansion

The wearable system consisted on a device sensor embedded in a band to monitor the pressure variation during the muscular expansion.

The μP is programmed in order to allow the step counting. Once a variation of pressure is detected by the FSR, the

step counting is incremented by a trigger mechanism based on a threshold fixed to the 50 % of the supervised maximal signal excursion mediated on five consecutive steps

Week 3

Abstract 


Pedometers are simple and inexpensive body-worn motion sensors that are readily being used by researchers and practitioners to assess and motivate physical activity behaviours. Pedometer-determined physical activity indices are needed to guide their efforts. Pedometer is a device that count number of steps a person takes. Pedometers motivate walkers to get fit by helping them calculate their daily steps, usually to reach a defined goal, such as the 10,000 steps recommended by Dr. Catrine tudor-Locke, assistant professor of health promotion at Arizona State University. Pedometer can calculate many useful parameters such as the number of steps a user takes, the distance and the speed of a person run/walk, as well as the number of calories the person had burned.

Week 2

The basic idea :

The pedometer is attach to the leg of a user and the pedometer start counting as the user start jog. It will sent the data to the computer and the user can monitor it. In computer, the user can start analyze the calories burned, speed and total steps while jog. Other than that, my idea is want to show the result using smartphones such as Iphone, Android phone and also Ipad.

Week 1

Assalamualaikum w.b.t




Name            : MOHD FADZLI BIN MOHD FUZI
ID student     : 51216210279
Course          : BET IN MEDICAL ELECTRONICS
Supervisor    : ADIB ROSHIDI B AWALUDDIN
Project Title  : PEDOMETER


Activity for week 1:
Attend briefing for Fyp Degree student at Dewan Gemilang Unikl Bmi.

PEDOMETER

Title : Pedometer

Overview : Pedometer, now popular as an everyday exercise progress monitor and motivator. It used to measured number of steps, speed an calories burned.

Currently pedometer :